Updated September 16, 2026 — by César, editor at AestheticPoster
An artwork enters the public domain 70 years after its author's death (Intellectual Property Code, article L123-1). After this period, you can print and display it without authorization or royalty. Van Gogh, Hokusai, Klimt, Monet, and Matisse are free; Picasso, Kahlo, Warhol, and Lichtenstein are not.
Key takeaways
- 70 years post mortem, counted from January 1st of the year following death: Klimt (died 1918) has been free since 1989, Monet (1926) since 1997, Kandinsky (1944) since 2015, Matisse (1954) since 2025.
- A free work doesn't automatically make the scan free: the HD photo of a museum may be protected separately. Open content archives (Rijksmuseum, Met) remove this ambiguity.
- Pop art is not in the public domain: Warhol and Lichtenstein remain protected until 2057 and 2067.
The 70-year rule, in practice
Article L123-1 of the Intellectual Property Code protects the work throughout the author's life, then 70 years from January 1st of the year following their death. Monet, who died in December 1926, is therefore free as of January 1, 1997. After that date, reproduction, adaptation, and sale are free, including for commercial purposes — unlike a film poster or a licensed character. The same duration applies throughout the European Union.
Who is free, who is not: the table
Fourteen artists sought in décor, with the year they entered the public domain in France:
| Artist | Died | Public domain | Notable works |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johannes Vermeer | 1675 | Yes, since forever | Girl with a Pearl Earring |
| Katsushika Hokusai | 1849 | Yes, since forever | The Great Wave off Kanagawa |
| Vincent Van Gogh | 1890 | 1961 | Starry Night |
| Paul Cézanne | 1906 | 1977 | The Card Players |
| Gustav Klimt | 1918 | 1989 | The Kiss |
| Claude Monet | 1926 | 1997 | Water Lilies |
| Alphonse Mucha | 1939 | 2010 | Art Nouveau posters |
| Wassily Kandinsky | 1944 | 2015 | Abstract Compositions |
| Piet Mondrian | 1944 | 2015 | Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue |
| Edvard Munch | 1944 | 2015 | The Scream |
| Henri Matisse | 1954 | 2025 | Paper cut-outs |
| Frida Kahlo | 1954 | 2025 for the work — but name and image registered as trademarks by rights holders: caution with commercial products | Self-portraits |
| Pablo Picasso | 1973 | No — 2044 | Guernica |
| Andy Warhol | 1987 | No — 2058 | Marilyn |
Van Gogh, Hokusai, and Klimt are the most requested. Our guides by work detail format and frame: Hokusai's Great Wave, Monet's Water Lilies (a series of approximately 250 canvases) and Klimt's The Kiss.
The museum scan is not necessarily free
The public domain covers the work, not the photo or scan a museum has made of it. In the United States (the Bridgeman v. Corel case, 1999), faithful reproduction of a flat artwork grants no new rights; in Europe, several museums reserve commercial use of their HD files. Two posters of the same Starry Night can therefore have different legal status depending on the source.
Three unambiguous sources: the Rijksmuseum (Rijksstudio, commercial use authorized), the Met (Open Access, over 490,000 images in CC0) and Wikimedia Commons, which displays the status country by country.
Tricky cases: Matisse, Kahlo, pop art
Matisse has been free in France since January 1, 2025, which explains the recent arrival of his paper cut-outs in décor. Our guide Matisse poster compares Fauvism, his Nice period, and gouache cut-outs.
Frida Kahlo died the same year, but a foundation in Mexico manages her rights, including name and image. Only the angle of « inspired by her universe » without reproducing an actual work remains safe.
Pop art is not in the public domain: Warhol (died 1987) and Lichtenstein (died 1997) remain protected until 2057 and 2067, as do Dalí, Rothko, and Magritte. Our guide pop art in interior design shows how to adopt the codes (screen print, flat colors, primary palette) without copying a work.
Building a wall with free artworks
Hokusai, Klimt, Mondrian, and Kandinsky — whose Bauhaus teaching established the grammar of our Bauhaus poster guide — mix well together. For a gallery wall: 3 to 4 posters in M (30×42 cm) and L (42×60 cm) around one piece in XL (60×84 cm), gaps of 5 to 8 cm, matching frames in black or light wood (gallery wall guide).
As a single artwork in a living room, a Kiss or Starry Night in L or XL is enough (living room décor ideas). Matte 250 g/m² paper avoids reflections on dark backgrounds and gilt trim; the optional frame costs +50 € for M, +70 € for L, +100 € for XL (how to frame a poster).
FAQ
Can you sell a public domain artwork without permission?
Yes. Once the 70 years have elapsed (Intellectual Property Code article L123-1), the work is free including for commercial use. Just make sure the file you use is also free: open content archive or Wikimedia Commons.
Why is Matisse free but not Frida Kahlo, who died the same year?
The 70-year rule applies to Matisse without complication; the foundation managing Kahlo in Mexico has registered her name and image as trademarks and defends her rights beyond copyright alone. The legal risk is real.
Is a Mucha poster royalty-free?
Yes. Mucha died in 1939, his Art Nouveau posters have been in the public domain in France since January 1, 2010. Beware of recent reissues that are retouched or colorized, which can establish new copyright on the modified version.
Find these masterworks in the Classical Art collection, and styles inspired by artists still under copyright in the Art collection; for size, see which poster size to choose.
César, editor at AestheticPoster — the number of support messages asking « am I allowed to print this painting? » convinced me that a clear guide was missing.
